WHO: 94 Million People Need Cataract Surgery, But Access Remains Limited

More than 94 million people worldwide live with cataracts, a condition that clouds the eye’s lens, blurring vision and potentially leading to blindness. Yet, half of those in need cannot access the surgery that could restore their sight, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported on Wednesday.

Cataracts primarily affect older adults, making age the leading risk factor. But they can also result from prolonged UV exposure, diabetes, smoking, and long-term corticosteroid use.

“Cataract surgery is a simple, 15-minute procedure that is highly cost-effective and can immediately restore vision,” the WHO said. In high-income countries, it is among the most commonly performed surgeries.

However, access remains unequal. Stuart Keel, WHO’s technical lead for eye care, noted, “Half of the world’s population in need of cataract surgery simply doesn’t have access to it.” The situation is particularly severe in Africa, where three in four people requiring surgery remain untreated. In Kenya, for instance, 77% of those needing cataract surgery are likely to live—and die—with vision impairment if the current pace continues.

Globally, women face lower access to cataract care than men, highlighting a persistent gender gap. Among those affected, fewer than 20% are blind, while the remainder struggle with impaired vision that limits daily life.

Progress and Challenges

Over the past two decades, cataract surgery coverage has increased by 15% worldwide. WHO member states set a goal in 2021 to boost coverage by 30% by 2030. Yet, current projections indicate that coverage may rise by only about 8.4% this decade.

To bridge this gap, WHO urges countries to integrate eye examinations into primary healthcare, invest in surgical equipment, and expand and distribute a trained eye-care workforce, especially outside major urban centers. Today, WHO is launching new guidance to help countries deliver high-quality cataract surgery services and support workforce development.

Why Action Matters

Keel emphasized the challenge: “The main issues are capacity and financing. We need investment to address a backlog affecting nearly 100 million people.”

While cataracts are mostly age-related, regular eye checkups can prevent complications or detect problems early. The cost of a replacement lens can be as low as $100, though out-of-pocket expenses may rise if surgery isn’t covered by insurance.

“Cataract surgery is one of the most powerful tools to restore vision and transform lives,” said Devora Kestel, head of WHO’s noncommunicable diseases and mental health department. “When people regain their sight, they regain independence, dignity, and opportunity.”

For millions, timely cataract surgery is more than a medical procedure—it’s a life-changing opportunity to see the world clearly again and reclaim the freedom that sight brings.